{"response":{"docs":[{"system_create_dtsi":"2023-10-12T19:52:20Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2024-02-17T08:51:08Z","has_model_ssim":["Etd"],"id":"1ed78f11-29d0-4b98-a84c-c0c0012a878c","accessControl_ssim":["aa637e3a-1e38-46e6-b9bc-ca09d5c3dcc3"],"depositor_ssim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"depositor_tesim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"title_tesim":["Comparison of Luther and Calvin on Sunday observance"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2023-10-12T19:52:19Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2024-02-16T23:02:59Z","isPartOf_ssim":["f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8"],"hasEmbargo_ssim":["0020ca8f-76c3-41ce-8d31-a5ab0740ca63"],"hasLease_ssim":["b328ce83-8296-4eec-acab-2a4b83fcb923"],"show_pdf_viewer_tesim":["1"],"show_pdf_download_button_tesim":["1"],"institution_tesim":["Atla RIM"],"degree_tesim":["Master of Theology"],"degree_granting_institution_tesim":["Western Theological Seminary"],"year_tesim":["1962"],"resource_type_tesim":["Thesis"],"types_tesim":["Text"],"creator_tesim":["Harry Buis"],"subject_tesim":["Christianity and culture","Christian life"],"language_tesim":["English"],"abstract_tesim":["How  should  a  Christian  sanctify  the  Lord's  Day?  What principles  should  direct  him  in  making  use  of  this  day  according to  the  will  of  God?  This  problem  has  become  increasingly  perplexing  in  our  nation  today.  It  is  a  problem  which  is  especially acute  for  many  people  in  the  Reformed  Church  in  America.  Many  of these  people  came  from  a  background  of  strict  Sunday  observance. Is  this  observance  primarily  cultural  or  is  it  biblical?  If  it is  a  combination  of  the  two,  on  what  basis  can  one  untangle  these strands? This  problem  is  especially  critical  because  today,  as  never before,  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  is  reaching  out  into  the typical  American  community  with  an  evangelistic  approach.  As  she does  so,  she  must  not  lose  her  rich  heritage;  rather  she  must share  it.  On  the  other  hand,  she  ought  not  to  impose  upon  others any  part  of  that  heritage  which  is  culturally  conditioned  rather than  essentially  Christian.  Even  those  aspects  of  that  culture which  are  commendable  ought  not  to  be  made  requirements  for membership  in  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ.In  dealing  with  Americans  of  many  different  cultural  and religious  backgrounds,  one  finds  no  greater  variety  of  viewpoint than  that  toward  the  proper  use  of  the  Lord' s  Day,  for  America itself  is  undergoing  a  great  change  in  its  attitudes  toward  the use  of  Sunday.  In  a  few  generations,  this  day  has  been  changed from  one  largely  used  for  rest  and  worship  to  one  used  largely for  work  and  leasure.  The  Puritan  Sabbath,  which  had  a  large influence  in  earlier  American  history,  has  given  way  to  a  far different  viewpoint.  The  result  is  confusion  of  thought  on  the subject,  and  therefore  prevailing  practices  are  based  on  expediency rather  than  on  definite  principles."],"rights_statement_tesim":["https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/assets/work-a3b75da7abded620ab321410c80d102e5e2417b71c54de7ba7d4b0363da904f7.png","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-approving","f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-depositing","f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-managing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["Western Theological Seminary"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["c24f9e0f-f5f0-45a3-b7f1-6a406c6902fb"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Metadata Only"],"account_cname_tesim":["rim.ir.atla.com"],"human_readable_type_tesim":["Etd"],"read_access_group_ssim":["work_editor","public"],"edit_access_group_ssim":["admin"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"_version_":1791135444804567040,"timestamp":"2024-02-17T08:51:10.915Z","score":1.0},{"system_create_dtsi":"2023-10-12T19:14:53Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2024-02-17T07:44:45Z","has_model_ssim":["Etd"],"id":"a1b6fb46-0ba2-4646-96a1-7756089cf602","accessControl_ssim":["6aa3c95d-0eec-47dd-8932-ff6a7732ab6b"],"depositor_ssim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"depositor_tesim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"title_tesim":["Love and longing in 1 Thessalonians 2:17-3:13: expanding Robert Funk's exclusive-authority view of the apostolic parousia"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2023-10-12T19:14:52Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2024-02-17T02:50:48Z","isPartOf_ssim":["f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8"],"hasEmbargo_ssim":["79ad6fb9-089d-4f0d-8734-206d992a72b8"],"hasLease_ssim":["0d44cfe3-e19c-4b6c-8912-f2b10acd8a8a"],"show_pdf_viewer_tesim":["1"],"show_pdf_download_button_tesim":["1"],"institution_tesim":["Atla RIM"],"degree_tesim":["Master of Theology"],"degree_granting_institution_tesim":["Covenant Theological Seminary"],"advisor_tesim":["David Chapman"],"year_tesim":["2019"],"resource_type_tesim":["Thesis"],"types_tesim":["Text"],"creator_tesim":["Smith, Cary"],"keyword_tesim":["Pauline theology"],"subject_tesim":["Bible. Thessalonians I"],"language_tesim":["English"],"abstract_tesim":["In his influential 1967 essay, Robert Funk coined the term “apostolic parousia” to describe Pauline passages where the apostle groups material related to his presence into one section of the letter. Funk argued that such material manifests the apostle’s presence within the letter, exclusively seeking to convey Paul’s apostolic authority and power to the readers. Funk’s essay and proposal have significantly impacted NT studies and continue to influence scholarly discourse. While affirming much of Funk’s proposal, this thesis offers an expanded perspective of the apostolic parousia convention that corrects an unnecessarily restrictive view of its literary function. The study examines 1 Thess 2:17-3:13 and demonstrates that Paul literarily manifests his presence in that passage primarily to convey personal affection and a desire to see the readers.The first part of the argument focuses on 1 Thessalonians as a whole and establishes that expressions of affection and affirmation as well as Paul’s minimization of authority characterize the entire letter, particularly the first three chapters. Such factors indicate no need for the apostle to emphasize his authority in the apostolic parousia section. An exegetical examination of 1 Thess 2:17-3:13 then demonstrates that Paul seeks to convey love and longing more than authority in this section.The evidence confirms that 1 Thess 2:17-3:13 does not function exclusively or primarily to convey Paul’s authority and power, as Funk’s unqualified approach suggests. Pauline studies will consequently benefit from clear qualifications about the limits of Funk’s work in this area and also from further exploration and clarification of the multiple functions apostolic parousia passages exhibit in the apostle’s letters."],"rights_statement_tesim":["https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"related_url_tesim":["http://covenantlibrary.org/etd/2019/Smith_Cary_ThM_2019.pdf"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/assets/work-a3b75da7abded620ab321410c80d102e5e2417b71c54de7ba7d4b0363da904f7.png","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-approving","f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-depositing","f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-managing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["Covenant Theological Seminary"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["e57e5218-1d34-47f5-b1a5-b84efbc9e61f"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Metadata Only"],"account_cname_tesim":["rim.ir.atla.com"],"human_readable_type_tesim":["Etd"],"read_access_group_ssim":["work_editor","public"],"edit_access_group_ssim":["admin"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"_version_":1791131268635688960,"timestamp":"2024-02-17T07:44:48.210Z","score":1.0},{"system_create_dtsi":"2023-10-12T19:10:11Z","system_modified_dtsi":"2024-02-17T07:43:21Z","has_model_ssim":["Etd"],"id":"943c157a-41de-4ed8-b196-2e55171c03a4","accessControl_ssim":["1c40e61d-9cc7-48d9-bbe1-c341e8cc40f1"],"depositor_ssim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"depositor_tesim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"title_tesim":["Leviticus 18:5 in Galatians 3:12"],"date_uploaded_dtsi":"2023-10-12T19:10:10Z","date_modified_dtsi":"2024-02-17T02:28:18Z","isPartOf_ssim":["f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8"],"hasEmbargo_ssim":["ce4f571f-f483-402d-9466-cbe4638c11dc"],"hasLease_ssim":["08db9fcf-f14e-4b48-bcc5-9bbc1651f76e"],"show_pdf_viewer_tesim":["1"],"show_pdf_download_button_tesim":["1"],"institution_tesim":["Atla RIM"],"degree_tesim":["Master of Theology"],"degree_granting_institution_tesim":["Covenant Theological Seminary"],"advisor_tesim":["C John Collins Ph.D."],"year_tesim":["2018"],"resource_type_tesim":["Thesis"],"types_tesim":["Text"],"creator_tesim":["Aoyagi, Seima"],"keyword_tesim":["Pauline theology"],"subject_tesim":["Bible. Leviticus","Bible. Habakkuk","Theology, Doctrinal","Bible. Galatians","Christian life","Spiritual life"],"language_tesim":["English"],"abstract_tesim":["“in the law.” Paul is not against the law by itself, rather he is against the misuse of the law, evk no,mou “from the law.” Instead, he is presenting the proper function of the law, the law is for one to live en no,mou “in the law.” Paul is citing Lev 18:5 to present the proper function of the law and to rebuke the improper use of the law. For Paul, the law is not to make someone “justified by it,” but it should be used to be “lived in it,” by the people of God.The law is not a gate to enter into the righteous status, but a realm to live in after one has passed through.","“in the law,” and Hab 2:4 translates it as evk pi,stew,j “by/from faith.” While we usually treat evn and evk interchangeably, I point out the fundamental differences that evn is for ‘motions in’ with a consecutive sense more fitting, and evk is for ‘motions from’ with a causal sense more fitting. This sensitive difference that LXX makes suggests that Lev 18:5 should better be translated as “shall live in them (~h,B'),” which makes the relationship between life and law as consequential, rather than causal. While a causal relationship makes obedience to the law based on cause and merit in order to gain life, this consecutive relationship makes life a natural consequence of the obedience. Both could be said as “conditional,” but it is not a meritorious condition, rather, it is a consecutive condition. I will also point out that Paul respects the non-meritorious significance of evn no,mw","In Galatians 3:12, Paul says “The law is not of faith, rather, the one who does them shall live by them” citing Leviticus 18:5. At first glance, Gal 3:12 seems to present Paul’s blunt statement rejecting the law and Lev 18:5 seems to be cited to prove that the law is in opposition to faith. This impression is enhanced by noticing that Lev 18:5 is put antithetically to Habakkuk 2:4, which is also cited in Gal 3:11. Because Hab 2:4 is promoting justification by faith, putting Lev 18:5 in opposition seems to suggest that Lev 18:5 advocates meritorious works-righteousness. Because both Lev 18:5 and Hab 2:4 are from the OT, it seems odd for Paul to treat one OT passage as promoting a good theology and the other as promoting bad theology. These difficulties become more obvious when we notice that Lev 18:5 in its original context never promotes meritorious works-righteousness. Instead, Lev 18:5 encourages God’s people toward righteous living as a proper response for God’s chosen people. This verse is an encouragement for Israel to walk in the law instead of pagan teachings because only the Lord’s law would bring people to life. Why then in Gal 3:12 is Paul citing Lev 18:5 in such a seemingly negative way? In this paper, I will study Lev 18:5 and Hab 2:4 in its original context, then study how Paul uses both text in Gal 3:10-12. As I do this, I will focus especially on how the prepositions B (in/by) is translated in LXX for Lev 18:5 and Hab 2:4. What I will show is that while “live by/in them” in Lev 18:5 and “live by/in faith” in Hab 2:4 both use the preposition B (in/by), in LXX they are translated differently. Lev 18:5 translates it as evn no,mw","“in the law” in Lev 18:5. Of all the occasions where Paul is against meritorious works-righteousness, he only condemns those who are evk no,mou “from the law,” not evn no,mw"],"rights_statement_tesim":["https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"related_url_tesim":["http://covenantlibrary.org/etd/2018/Aoyagi_Seima_ThM_2018.pdf"],"thumbnail_path_ss":"/assets/work-a3b75da7abded620ab321410c80d102e5e2417b71c54de7ba7d4b0363da904f7.png","suppressed_bsi":false,"actionable_workflow_roles_ssim":["f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-approving","f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-depositing","f6c99b2a-5c91-4444-8946-01a1837f1fd8-default-managing"],"workflow_state_name_ssim":["deposited"],"member_of_collections_ssim":["Covenant Theological Seminary"],"member_of_collection_ids_ssim":["e57e5218-1d34-47f5-b1a5-b84efbc9e61f"],"visibility_ssi":"open","admin_set_tesim":["Metadata Only"],"account_cname_tesim":["rim.ir.atla.com"],"human_readable_type_tesim":["Etd"],"read_access_group_ssim":["public","work_editor"],"edit_access_group_ssim":["admin"],"edit_access_person_ssim":["ckarpinski@atla.com"],"_version_":1791131181521043456,"timestamp":"2024-02-17T07:43:25.131Z","score":1.0}],"facets":[{"name":"resource_type_sim","items":[{"value":"Thesis","hits":3,"label":"Thesis"}],"label":"Resource Type"},{"name":"creator_sim","items":[{"value":"Aoyagi, Seima","hits":1,"label":"Aoyagi, Seima"},{"value":"Harry Buis","hits":1,"label":"Harry Buis"},{"value":"Smith, Cary","hits":1,"label":"Smith, Cary"}],"label":"Creator Sim"},{"name":"contributor_sim","items":[],"label":"Contributor"},{"name":"keyword_sim","items":[{"value":"Pauline theology","hits":2,"label":"Pauline theology"}],"label":"Keyword"},{"name":"subject_sim","items":[{"value":"Christian life","hits":2,"label":"Christian life"},{"value":"Bible. 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